论两汉时期乌桓、鲜卑南迁的原因及对汉匈关系的影响

On the Reasons for Wuhuan and Xianbei Nationalities' Movement to the South in the Period of Han Dynasties and the Corresponding Effects on the Relationship to the Hun

乌桓、鲜卑部族最初属于东胡联盟,东胡破灭后,余部逃往乌桓山和鲜卑山,开始以乌桓、鲜卑之名出现于中国史籍。西汉武帝反击匈奴后,一直被匈奴奴役的乌桓、鲜卑族逐渐南徙,靠近汉边。考乌桓、鲜卑南迁的原因,与汉匈力量的转变密切相关。此外,他们长期深受中原文化的影响,汉化较深,又因生存环境的改变,迫使其不得不南下寻找适宜的牧场。乌桓、鲜卑南下附汉,对汉匈关系产生了重要影响。

Wuhuan and Xianbei tribes originally belonged to Donghu League. After the destruction of Donghu, the remnant fled to Mount Wuhuan and Mount Xianbei. Therefore, the names of Wuhuan and Xianbei began to appear in China＇ s historical books. After Emperor Wudi in Western Han dynasty counterattacked the Hun, Wuhuan and Xianbei nationalities haunted by the Hun began to move to the south bordering the Han nationality＇ s sphere of influence. The reasons for Wuhuan and Xianbei nationalities＇ movement to the south had a lot to do with the change of strength between the Hun and the Han nationality. In addition, they had long been exposed to the influence of the culture in central China. And they had been deeply integrated to the Han culture. The other reason for their moving to the south is the change of survival environment, which made them leave their homes and move to the south to find proper pastures. The southern movement of Wuhuan and Xianbei nationalities to attach themselves to the Han nationality exerted significant impact upon the relationship between the Hun and the Han nationality.