云南油菜高产创建技术集成及效益分析

Integrated Technology and Benefit Analysis of Establishing High-yielding Rape in Yunnan

在项目区确定适合用种的基础上,针对传统油菜生产中播种量大、田间管理成本高、化肥农药利用率低等问题,集成了免(少)耕栽培、机开沟、适期精量播种、一次间定苗、简化高效施肥、统一管理培育壮苗、机械联防蚜虫等为一体的高效生产综合技术集成。筛选出一系列早熟、优质、高产且耐旱性强的油菜品种‘云油杂2号’、‘云花油9号’,在云南省油菜产区和周边类似云南省气候的早熟油菜产区推广应用,带动了油菜种植面积的扩大。高产创建样板面积680hm2,平均单产3478.5kg/hm2,比非示范区增产545.1kg/hm2,产量提高了18.6%,新增总产量37.07万kg,新增产值185.33万元;节支费用825元/hm2,总节支费用56.1万元,节本增效总额241.43万元,辐射带动大面积油菜产量均衡增产150～225kg/hm2,经济效益和社会效益非常显著。

Based on the given rape varieties in the project area and aiming to the problems in the traditional rape production, such as high seed rate, high field management costs and low utilization rate of fertilizer and pesticide, a set of synthesized technology integration of high-efficiency rape production was presented, which included minimum tillage and no-tillage cultivation , ditching with machine, suitable sowing time, one-off thinning and ascertaining seedling density, simplifying high-efficient fertilizer application, unifying field management to foster strong seedlings, and machinery preventing aphids. Two rape varieties with early maturity, fine quality, high yield and strong drought tolerance were screened, such as ‘ Yunyouza No.2 ’ and Yunhuayou No.9, which were extended in the rape production areas in Yunnan and the early maturity rape production areas with similar climate conditions to Yunnan rape production areas, and led to the expansion of rape planting area. The project established the high-yielding sample rape area of 680 hm 2 , and the average yield was 3478.5kg/hm 2 , which was increased by 18.6% , as compared to the non-demonstration zone. The average yield was increased by 545.1 kg/hm 2 . The increase in the total output was 370700 kg and the value was increased by 1853300 million Yuan. The expenditure saved was 825 Yuan/hm 2 . The total expenditure saved in the rape area of 680 hm 2 was 561000 Yuan by the widespread radiation and driving. The increase in the average yield of rapeseed was 150-225 kg/hm 2 , which brought very significant economic benefits and social benefits.