西安市职业农民发展存在问题及对策

Problem and Countermeasures on Development of Xi’an Professional Farmers

针对当前由于农业收益低、农民兼业化日益严重、专职从事农业生产的高素质农民日益减少的问题,为了弄清西安城市化、工业化进程对从事农业生产的农民状况可能发生的影响及解决对策,通过统计调查、抽样调查、专家评估的方法,对西安职业农民的发展现状和制约农民职业化的相关因素进行了调查分析。结果表明,西安市职业农民人数相对较少,职业农民整体文化程度不高,平均年龄偏大。制约职业农民发展的主要因素为:职业农民队伍素质较低,职业农民培育难度大,资金需求多融资难度大,土地流转不规范,合作社规模小等。要发展高素质的职业农民,就要加大对职业农民培养的力度,采取开展职业农民资格认证、加强农业技术培训力度、扶持农民专业合作社、放宽政策支持、给予资金扶持、建立规范有序的土地使用权流转机制等有效措施,从而缓解由于农业从业人员数量和质量的下降对农业生产发展的影响。

The earnings rate of agricultural is low and farmers take farming as a part-time job. The high-quality farmers taking the farming as full-time job, became less and less. In order to figure out the effect and countermeasures of urbanization and industrialization procedure on the farmers, this paper investigated and analyzed the situation of commercial farmer and the relating factors constricting the farmer professionalization by statistic investigation, sample survey and expert evaluation. It is found that the total number of professional farmers was comparative small, they were not well educated and had elder average age. The factors constricting the farmers ’ professionalization were as follows. The professional farmers were not well qualified,the education for them was much harder,the finance could not meet the capital needs, the land could not negotiate normally, and agricultural cooperative size was small. In order to expand the team of high quality farmers, it was very important to strengthen the cultivation of professional farmers, take measures to develop the farmers ’ certification system, strengthen agricultural technology training, support the farmers ’ professional cooperative, give special policy and financial support, establish the land user rights transfer system and alleviate the effect on the agricultural production caused by the number and quality famers decrease.