梨花枪与杨家枪史迹考略——兼论明代杨家枪的技术特点

A Study of the History of Pear Blossom Spear and Yang Family Spear——On the Technical Features of Yang Family Spear of the Ming Dynasty

"梨花枪"一名自南宋杨妙真的一句"二十年梨花枪,天下无敌手"以来,明清文献中不乏记载。但究竟什么是梨花枪,长期以来未有统一的认识。根据宋明时期有关梨花枪的文献资料,首先可以认为当年杨妙真所言的"梨花枪"实为枪法名;其次,宋代的梨花枪发展至明代又称为杨家枪,但在百姓传统道德观念的诉求下,缘起于山东杨妙真的杨家枪被逐步演变为山西满门忠烈的杨家将。

The term ＂Li Hua Qiang （Pear Blossom Spear）＂ first came from Yang Miaozheng, a female folk martial arts special- ist in the Southern Song Dynasty. She once said, ＂I have twenty years of experience in Spear practice and am unmatched anywhere in the world with my Li Hua Qiang. ＂ Since then, there had been many records about Pear Blossom Spear. However, for many years there has been no agreement on what Pearl Blossom Spear is. Based on the study of the relevant documents of the Song and Ming Dynasties, this paper holds that ＂Pear Blossom Spear＂ is in fact the name for a spear practicing method or technique. It argues that Pear Blossom Spear was called Yang Family Spear in the Ming Dynasty. And due to the traditional moral appealsof the public, Yang Family Spear, which had originated from Yang Miaozheng in Shangdong was related to a clan of generals of the Yang family in Shanxi.