论西方社会中的“争议政治”:一个分析框架

On Contentious Politics in Western Society:an Analytical Frame

西方社会中存在两类政治参与方式:一类是受一系列法律、法规的规范和保护的"常规政治";另一类是具有非常规性和非制度性特征的"争议政治"。争议政治产生的原因包括社会差异、怨恨表达、制度缺陷和社会网络推动等,它对政治秩序和社会生活具有相当程度的危害,但可被看作是弱者表达价值和诉求的被迫性举措,对政府有某种警醒作用;也可能引发公共讨论,促进社会进步。消除争议政治的方式有两种基本思路:保守型的分析框架和马克思主义的分析框架。

Political Participation in western society can be divided into two types. One is regular poli- tics protected by laws and other rules ; the other is contentious politics with unconventional and non institu- tional features. Variety of reasons can lead the emergence of contentious politics, including social differ- ences, expressed resentments, system defects and social networks. Contentious politics would do some harm to political order and social life, which can be seen as a way of the weak to express their values and needs and alert the government; it may also trigger a public discussion to promote social progress. There are two basic ideas to eliminate the contentious politics, conservatism ~nd Mnr-zi^m