千岛湖姥山林场不同森林群落空气负离子浓度的比较

Aero-anion concentration in different forest communities of Laoshan Forest Farm, Chun’an County

为探讨不同类型森林群落空气负离子浓度的时间变化特征,选择2010年春、夏、秋和冬4个季节的晴天,对浙江淳安千岛湖姥山林场6种类型的森林群落的空气负离子、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和小气候因子进行同步监测。结果表明:①千岛湖姥山林场空气负离子浓度夏季最高,秋季次之,春季和冬季较低;②6种类型森林群落空气负离子年平均浓度均在1 000个.cm-3以上,天然森林群落空气负离子浓度高于人工森林群落,常绿阔叶树群落空气负离子浓度高于针叶树群落;③不同季节空气质量评价系数变化顺序为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;④天然森林群落冬季空气清洁度为B级,其他季节均为A级,人工森林群落夏季和秋季空气清洁度为A级,春季为B级,而冬季仅为C级。综合比较不同季节单级系数和空气质量评价系数的变化差异,认为天然森林群落空气质量高于人工森林群落。

The seasonal variation of aero-anions for six forest community types（i.e.evergreen broad-leaved forest communities dominated with Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Schima superba,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,C.sclerophylla,Lithocarpus glaber and coniferous forest communities dominated with Pinus massoniana,Cupressus funebris,or natural forest communities dominated with Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Schima superba,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,C.sclerophylla,Lithocarpus glaber,Pinus massoniana,and artificial forest communities dominated with Cupressus funebris,Myrica rubra） was studied using synchronous monitoring of negative air ions,PM10（particulate matter 10 μm）,and micro-climate factors at Laoshan Forest Farm,Qiandao Lake,Chun’an County,China,during the four seasons of 2010.Analysis included a comparison of the polarity ratio and an air quality assessment index.Results showed that：（1） the concentration of aero-anions was highest in summer and second in autumn.（2） The annual average aero-anion concentration for the six forest community types was above 1 000 ind.cm-3.Aero-anions by communities showed natural forest artificial forest and evergreen broadleaved forest coniferous forest.（3） The air quality assessment index by season was summer autumn spring winter.（4） Natural forest air quality was at the B-level in winter,and A-level in other seasons,whereas artificial forest air quality was A-level in summer and autumn,B-level in spring,and C-level in winter.Comparing the polarity ratio and the air quality assessment index for different seasons in these forest communities,the air quality of natural forest communities was better than artificial forest communities.These results provided the theory basis for the seasonal variation characteristics of aero-anions for six forest community types.