西北地区高校心理咨询现状调查与对策探析

Investigation of Psychological Consultation in Universities and Its Countermeasures

目的了解多民族文化交融的西北地区大学生对高校心理咨询的态度和要求。方法采用问卷调查法对甘肃省900名大学生进行测量并访谈。结果①大学生在寻求专业性心理帮助的态度总分和各维度上,均存在显著民族差异(P<0.01);②大学生在寻求专业性心理帮助的态度总分和需要维度上存在性别差异(P<0.01);③大学生认为长期处于心理困惑、内心冲突的人是咨询首选对象;面对心理困难时,大学生倾向选择好友、父母进行求助,部分自己承受;大学生对心理咨询师的首要要求是思想品德好,希望咨询室放松、安静、舒适、温馨;大学生会根据不同的咨询内容选择不同性别、年龄的咨询师,且面谈咨询成为首选咨询方式;大部分大学生希望高校心理咨询免费,但认为测量和治疗可适当收费。结论大学生对高校心理咨询的态度与要求将为西北地区高校更优质地开展心理咨询服务提供一定的理论支持与实践价值。

Objective To investigate college students＇ attitudes and demands toward psychological counseling in Northwest of China where diverse ethnic culture blends. Methods 900 college students were selected and completed professional questionnaires. Results ① There were significant differences among ethnic on the total score and each dimension of the attitude toward seeking professional psychological help. ② There were significant differences between genders on the total score and the needing dimension of the attitude. ③ Persons suffering a long period of mental confusion and inner conflict were considered, by college students, as the main group who need accept psychological counseling. When facing the problems, most of college students asked friends and parents for help and some students resolved it by themselves. During consultation, students mostly concerned the moral character of counselors, as well as the laxative, quiet, comfortable and warm environment. According to different consulting content, college students chose different counselors, and face-to-face counseling was their first choice. Most students considered that psychological counseling should be free unless students needed mental test and psychotherapy. Conclusion College students＇ attitudes and demands toward psychological counseling could provide theoretical supports and practical values for universities in Northwest China to carry out more high-quality counseling services.