深圳地区儿童乳牙列期牙模型测量研究

Study of deciduous dentition models of Han children in southern China

目的通过对深圳地区4～6岁乳牙期中国南方汉族儿童牙模型的纵向资料测量,研究其牙弓宽度及长度的生长发育规律。方法在深圳市某幼儿园随机抽取4岁乳牙期汉族儿童75名,连续3年定期追踪,收集其模型,最终合格者16名(男孩10名,女孩6名),获得模型48副,进行牙弓宽度和长度测量,对测量结果进行方差分析。结果从4岁到6岁,男孩上颌乳尖牙间牙列宽度(arch width of C,AWC)增长0.15 cm,下颌增长0.13 cm,女孩上颌增长0.09 cm,下颌增长0.12 cm,男孩上颌第二乳磨牙间牙列宽度(arch width of E,AWE)增长0.15 cm,女孩上颌增长0.08 cm,下颌增长0.14 cm;女孩前牙间牙弓长度(arch length of C,ALC)上颌减小0.07 cm,下颌减小0.08 cm,男孩上颌全牙列牙弓长度(arch length of E,ALE)减小0.14cm,均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。男孩下颌AWE,上下颌ALC,下颌ALE及女孩ALE无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 4岁到6岁的生长变化中,乳牙列牙弓的宽度随年龄的增长而逐渐增宽,长度随年龄的增长有缩短的趋势。

Objective To study deciduous dentition arch width and length development by measurement of models of 4~6-year-old children in Shenzhen.Methods 75 4-year-old Han children in southern China from kindergartens in Shenzhen were randomly selected.Through 3-year following-up,16 children′s（10 boys and 6 girls） 48 qualified deciduous dentition models were collected.Arch widths and lengths were taken and analysed by ANOVA.Results Boys′ and girls′ AWC,boys′ maxillary AWE and girls′ AWE obviously increased;girls′ ALC and boys′ maxillary ALE obviously decreased（P0.05）.Boys′ mandibular AWE,ALE,maxillary and madibular ALC and girls′ALE had no statistical changes（P0.05）.Conclusions From 4 to 6 years old,Han children′s deciduous dentition arch widths increase,while arch lengths decrease.