吴有训大学教育思想及其在清华的实践——以高水平科学研究支撑的高质量大学教育

Wu Youxun's Ideas of Higher Education and Its Practice in Tsinghua University:High Quality Higher Education Supported by High-level Research

吴有训是中国著名的教育家和科学家,其大学教育思想形成于20世纪20年代的清华大学物理系,其宗旨是"学术独立",实现学术独立的根本途径是"建立由高水平科学研究支撑的高质量大学教育",也就是把教学与科研结合起来,办研究型大学。吴有训大学教育思想的具体内涵是:在科研上,教师要"成就有意义的研究,结果为国际同行所公认";在教学上,推行"重基础、重质量、重因材施教"的教育方针,注重选拔高素质的人才,因材施教,实行通才教育,"理论知识与实验能力并重",养成严谨科学、自由探究的学风;在管理上,根据学术和学者的特性,以人为本,团结全体教师,实行民主管理,形成和谐进取的学术环境。吴有训教育思想,在清华物理系的成功实践,开启了中国研究型大学的发展道路。

WU Youxun is a famous educator and scientist in China, whose ideas of Higher Education were constructed in the Department of Physics, Tsinghua University in 1920＇ s. The central message of these ideas is ＂academic independence＂, and the basic approach to realize it is constructing high quality higher education supported by high-level research, i. e. , combing teaching and research together. In regards to research, teachers must do some significant research, and the results must be accepted by the international counterparts. In regards to teaching, the policies of ＂placing importance on basic knowl- edge, education quality and adopting agile and various teaching methods according to the students＂ should be promoted, that is, emphasizing on selecting talents of high quality, adopting agile and vari ous teaching methods according to the students, implementing the generalist education, emphasizing on both theoretical and practical skills, and forming the serious free scientific inquiry style of study. In regards to administration, universities should execute the people-oriented democracy management system, and care about the characteristics of different academics and research, and finally establish a harmonious and motivated academic environment. The successful practice of this higher education idea in the Department of Physics, Tsinghua University opens up a new development way for the Chinese research universities.