汉语条件句的会话功能

On the Discourse Function of Conditionals

本文从话语分析和言语互动的角度讨论条件句的会话功能,揭示这类句式在日常会话中的交际功用。条件句在自然口语中的核心功能是表达话语立场,说话人通常选择条件句来表达个人观点和组织话语结构。在表达立场的基础上,条件句又衍生出评价功能、劝进功能和话轮终结功能。结论句的主观化和主语的概指化是条件句实现其话语立场的两个主要语法手段。

This paper examines the conversational function of Chinese conditional sentences from a perspective of discourse analysis and speech interaction to reveal the communicational function of such sentences in daily conversation. The core function of conditionals is to express the speakers＇ stance,and speakers use conditionals initiatively to clarify personal views and to organize the discourse structure in daily conversation. Conditionals have three specific functions such as evaluation,persuasion and turn-closing,which are derived from the core function of stance-taking. The subjectivization of the apodosis and the usage of gener- ality subject are two main grammatical means of stance-taking.