辽河流域多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征及来源解析

Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Liaohe River Drainage Basin,Northeast China.

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)的分析方法,对辽河水系主要河流的表层水和悬浮物中的16种PAHs进行了定量分析,并对其分布特征、污染水平以及来源进行了探讨。结果显示:颗粒态PAHs的浓度范围为0.41～76.45μg.g-1,溶解态PAHs的浓度范围为32.57～108.47ng.L-1,西辽河PAHs的浓度比东辽河以及辽河干流中PAHs的浓度要高。在多环芳烃组成上,溶解态和颗粒态样品的PAHs均以低环数(二、三环)为主,且溶解态中低环数PAHs所占比例较颗粒态中所占的比例高。其中,溶解态中二环的PAHs比例最高(平均为68.19%),颗粒态中三环的PAHs比例最高(平均为66.28%)。相对于国内外其他河流,辽河流域的PAHs污染处于较低水平,部分河流受到一定程度的污染。辽河水系中PAHs的来源主要是以石油类和化石类燃料燃烧为主的混合源,这与辽宁复杂的能源结构密切相关。

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in surface water and suspended particulate matter（SPM） in the major rivers of the Liaohe River drainage basin were determined by GC/MS.The concentrations and distribution characteristics,pollution levels,and sources of PAHs were discussed.The total PAHs concentrations range from 0.41 to 76.45 μg·g-1（dry weight） in SPM,and 32.57 to 108.47 ng·L-1 in surface water,respectively.The PAHs concentrations in western Liaohe River are higher than those in eastern Liaohe River and its main streams.The compositions of PAHs are predominant by low-ring PAHs（including two-and three-ring PAHs）,while the percentage of low-ring PAHs in dissolved form is higher than that in SPM.The two-ring PAHs percentage is highest with an average of 68.19 % in dissolved PAHs,while the three-ring PAHs percentage is highest with an average of 66.28% in SPM,respectively.Compared with other rivers both at home and abroad,the PAHs concentrations in the Liaohe River drainage basin are at a lower level,and some rivers have suffered PAHs contamination to a certain extent.The main sources of PAHs are petroleum and fossil fuel combustion-based mixture,which are related to the complex energy structure of Liaoning Province.