添加钾矿粉对鸡粪堆肥中N、P和K含量的影响

Effects of Adding Potassium-Bearing Mineral Powder on Nitrogen,Potassium and Potassium Contents of Chicken Manure Compost

研究了低品位含钾矿粉(PBMB)和其它添加剂对鸡粪堆肥除臭保氮和P、K含量的影响。在固定鸡粪和锯木质量比的堆肥中分别投加0%、10%、20%、30%、40%PBMP,接种0.2%EM菌堆肥发酵35d,连续测量各堆肥温度、pH值、NH3释放量和有效钾含量,得出钾矿粉最适投加量为20%～30%。在此基础上,在固定鸡粪、锯木和过磷酸钙质量比的堆肥中分别加入20%或30%钾矿粉、山土、粉煤灰和石英,接种0.2%EM菌剂堆肥发酵35d,测量各堆肥养分含量。结果表明,钾矿粉、过磷酸钙和锯木组合添加剂在调节堆肥温度,缩短堆肥腐熟时间,减少堆肥NH3释放量,提高堆肥中全氮、速效钾和速效磷含量方面效果最为显著,在35d后,其NH3平均减少率达到71.26%,全氮和速效钾与对照相比分别提高了15.78%和75.96%,而速效磷含量与堆制前相比提高16.78%。结果说明可以通过采用添加钾矿粉的方法来降低鸡粪发酵中的氮素损失和提高速效钾含量。

This study analyzed the impact of low-grade potassium-bearing mineral powder（PBMP） and other additives on the contents of potassium and phosphorus,nitrogen preserving and deodorizing in the compost of chicken manure.Adding respectively 0%,10%,20%,30%,and 40%PBMP into the compost with a fixed ratio of chicken manure to sawdust contents,then the material mixture was inoculated by 0.2% effective microorganism agents to ferment for 35 days.On the basis of the records that the temperature,pH value,NH3 release and effective potassium contents of treatments were continuously monitored,thus the optimum dosage of PBMP was obtained to be 20% ～ 30%.Then,respectively adding 20% or 30% PBMP,mountain soil,fly ash and quartz additives into the material mixture with a fixed ratio of chicken manure,sawdust and superphosphate contents,which were inoculated by 0.2% effective microorganism agents to ferment for 35 days,the nutrient of every compost was measured.The results showed that the manure compost with PBMP,calcium superphosphate and sawdust additives between 20% and 30% can remarkably regulate the pile temperature,shorten composting time,reduce the compost of NH3 emission,improve total nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus of the compost.After 35 days,the mean reduction rate of NH3 emission reached 71.26%,total nitrogen and available potassium are increased by 15.78% and 75.96% compared to the control,and available phosphorus contents are improved by 16.78% compared to the compost at the beginning of fermentation.The？results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for the use of PBMP as a way to reduce nitrogen loss and improve available potassium in the chicken manure fermentation.