蓄电池厂铅污染与铅作业工人血铅水平研究分析

Study on Lead Pollution and Blood Lead Level in Lead Workers of Storage Battery Plant

目的了解蓄电池厂铅污染状况和铅作业工人血铅水平，探讨接铅作业工人血铅水平与空气中铅浓度的关系，为制定相应的职业卫生对策提供依据。方法对蓄电池厂103名接铅工人进行职业健康检查，测定其血铅浓度，并对其工作场所空气中铅浓度进行现场检测，分析血铅浓度与工作场所空气中铅浓度的关系。结果工作场所空气中铅浓度超标41．7％，接铅作业工人血铅超标38．8％，工人的血铅均值为（381．81±180．75）μg／L；不同性别、T龄之间血铅浓度差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;随着工作场所空气中铅浓度的升高，铅作业工人血铅值也随之升高，两者呈正相关（r=0．9663，P〈0．05）。结论该蓄电池厂的接铅作业工人受到一定的职业危害；工作场所空气中铅浓度较高是工人血铅水平增高的危害因素。企业必须采取有效的防治措施，改善作业环境，加强个人防护意识，定期检测，定期体检，保护工人身体健康。

Objective To explore the situation of lead pollution and blood lead level of lead workers in storage battery plant, to explore the relations which might affect the blood lead level of workers and lead density in the air, and provide evidence for formulation of appropriate occupational health countermeasures. Methods The occupational health check was performed on 103 workers with lead exposure, and Determines the blood lead concentrations, and monitoring concentrations of lead in the air of workplace. Results The over standard rates of air lead concentration were 41.7% in working places, that of blood lead were 38.8% in lead workers, while the mean blood lead level of those lead workers was （381.81 ±180.75）μg/L; The differences of blood lead density between lengths of service and genders were not signifi- cance（ P〉 0.05 ） The blood lead level of lead worker was good correlation with the air lead density （r=0.9663, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The lead-exposure is proved to be the obvious occupational hazard for the workers in this battery plant, and the higher lead concentrations in the air of work-place were the hazardous factor for elevated blood lead level.