汶川地震与玉树地震自救互救调查情况比较研究

Comparative studies of the status of self rescue and mutual aid in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes

通过对比汶川地震和玉树地震震后问卷调查数据,对震后灾民自救互救过程中的实际情况开展了系统的分析研究。结果表明:(1)自救互救是地震救援中受困人员获救的主要方式;(2)玉树地震参与自救互救人数比例较高,说明经过汶川地震后,公众的自救互救意识得到较明显的提高,更加主动和积极地参与到震后抢险等社会活动中;(3)在两次地震自救互救过程中,主要的困难在于缺乏救生工具和经验,并且救援工作缺乏组织管理,相互协调能力不足。基于以上调查结果,为全面提升我国地震应急救援水平和应急能力提出了一些建议和对策。

To learn the status of the residents living in the earthquake areas rescuing themselves and each other, the questionnaires were investigated after Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake. The results showed： （1） The proportion of participants in self rescue and mutual aid in Yushu earthquake is higher than that in Wenchuan earthquake, indicating that the awareness of residents was increased. （2） The main challenges of self- and mutualrescue in these two earthquakes were lack of tools and experience as well as deficient organization. At last, some suggestions were proposed based on these results.