清代北京纸币印刷技术研究

A Study of the Bank Notes Printing Technology in Beijing,Qing Dynasty

清代纸币大多数采用传统印刷技术,使用最多的依次是木版、牛角版和铜版。其中,牛角版制版材料颇具特色,主要用于纸币、票据的印刷,且牛角版往往采用多块小版拼对而成,与活字版有较多相通之处。此外,清代官方纸币主要采用铜版,民间钱庄票也有少部分采用铜版,沿袭了自宋代以来的传统金属版制版技术。清末,随着铅印、石印、珂罗版、钢凹版等技术相继传入,石印及钢凹版技术显现出巨大的优势,在纸币印刷领域广为运用。

Qing Dynasty bank notes were mostly printed by the Chinese traditional printing technology. The most widely using were wood plate, buffalo horn plate and bronze plate in turn. Among them, the material of buffalo horn plate was characteristic, mainly used in the printing of bank notes, and always be made of many small plates, having some similar characters with typesetting skill. Also, Qing Dynasty official bank notes mainly used bronze plate, and also small part of commercial bank notes, followed the traditional metal plate technology from Song Dynasty. In later Qing Dynasty, as the technology of letterpress printing, lithography, collotype, steel intaglio and so on brought in, lithography and steel intaglio technology revealed the great advantages, became the widespread uses in the field of bank notes printing.