黑土高产土壤剖面磷素分布特征研究

Research of the High Yield Profile Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus and Influencing Factors in Black Soil in Jilin Province

为了探讨高产土壤的成因和机理,人工定向培育及磷肥高效施用提供理论依据。以松辽平原玉米带有代表性的黑土玉米田土壤作为供试土壤,在田间调查采集剖面样品的基础上,研究黑土高产土壤磷素含量组成。结果表明:高产土壤全磷、速效磷在剖面下含量明显高于其对照土壤,且表现为从上往下降低的趋势。高产土壤在耕层中全磷、速效磷含量均有明显的积累现象,平均含量分别为0.505 g/kg、32.0 mg/kg,较对照土壤分别增加了1.2倍和1.8倍。高产土壤各形态无机磷的组成规律是:Ca10-P(79.7%～16.0%)>Fe-P(27.1%～8.1%)>Al-P(27.2%～4.6%)>Ca8-P(21.0%～4.3%)>Ca2-P(10.6%～0.4%)>O-P(4.6%～1.4%)。对照土壤各形态无机磷的组成规律是:Ca10-P(77.6%～27.2%)>Fe-P(21.2%～9.4%)>Al-P(26.9%～2.2%)>Ca8-P(21.0%～4.0%)>Ca2-P(8.6%～1.2%)>O-P(7.8%～1.4%)。各形态无机磷与Olsen-P的相关分析表明,黑土中Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P是植物能吸收的高度有效磷源,Ca10-P和O-P是植物的潜在磷源。

In order to explore the cause of formation and mechanism of high yield,and provide the theory basis fo artificial directional cultivating and efficient use of P.The representative of black soil in corn belt of the Songliao Plain was used as the soil for experiment,on the basis of field investigation and collection of different profile samples,studied phosphorus content of composition and absorption property in the high yield black soil.The results showed that,the contents of total phosphorus and available P of high yield were higher than its control group soil which was in the same depth of soil.With the increase of soil depth the contents of total phosphorus and available P reduced,total phosphorus and available P of high yield both had obvious accumulation,and the content of topsoil was 0.505 g/kg and 32.0 mg/kg,they were 1.2 times and 1.05 times than control group soil respectively.The different forms of inorganic phosphorus of high yield composing was Ca 10-P（79.7%-16.0%） Fe-P（27.1%-8.1%） Al-P（27.2%-4.6%） Ca 8-P（21.0%-4.3%） Ca 2-P（10.6%-0.4%） O-P（4.6%-1.4%）,the control group soil composing was Ca 10-P（77.6%-27.2%） Fe-P（21.2%-9.4%） Al-P（26.9%-2.2%） Ca 8-P（21.0%-4.0%） Ca 2-P（8.6%-1.2%） O-P（7.8%-1.4%）.The available phosphorus of the black soil with draw by Olsen-p method mainly was Ca 2-P,Ca 8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,but the effectiveness of Ca 10-P and O-P was very low but they were potential phosphorus of plants.