构建老人福利机构危险管理机制——日本经验之启示

Construct Risk Management Mechanics in Elderly Welfare Organizations:Base on the Japanese Experiences

"养儿防老"是中国传统的养老模式,长期以来老人的养老主要依靠子女来解决,但是随着生活方式的改变、家庭规模的日趋小型化,老人的长期照顾问题受到了社会的广泛关注。近年来国家制定了相关的政策、制度以及服务来满足老人及其家人的需求,然而老人福利机构及所提供的照顾服务,其服务质量离人性化照顾服务仍有一段距离。就现阶段而言,老人福利机构所提供照顾服务的质与量,均有提升与改善的空间。日本是亚洲第一个施行公共性长期照顾保险的国家,其施行之初也面临着一些与我国同样的问题,为提升长期照顾机构的服务质量,日本厚生劳动省在介护保险制度施行后的2002年,就开始倡导老人福利机构应建立危险管理机制的理念,并于2006年修订老人长期照顾福利机构管理规则,规定老人福利机构应建立危险管理机制,以提升照顾服务质量。有鉴于此,本文将对日本老人长期照顾福利机构建立危险管理机制的过程、基本架构,以及相关课题做系统说明,为我国老人福利机构经营管理提供参考,也可为我国未来在探讨老人长期照顾问题之际,提供必要的配套依据。

＂Raising children for old age＂ is Chinese traditional thought to prepare for their old age.The elderly for a long time mainly depend on their children to support in their senior years.But with changes in social style,small family lifestyle cannot provide support for elderly as before.Hence,it raises concerns for discussion on the long term care for the elderly.Although government has adopted policies,created social benefit systems to assist the senior citizens and their family in recent years,the service qualities from these welfare organization are far from the standard of expectation.At the moment,elderly welfare organizations have a lot to work to improve the quality and quantity of services.Japan is the first country in Asia to set up public long-term care insurance.At the beginning of the long term care insurance plan adoption,Japan had the same problem as China has now.To enhance the service quality of elderly welfare organization,Japan advocated in 2002 the concept of risk management in the welfare system and amended the elderly nursing care management regulation in 2006 to establish risk management in the elderly welfare system to improve the service qualities.This article will discuss the social structure in China explain the process,basic structure of risk management in Japan elderly long term care welfare organization and some problems in the system.Hopefully the discussion can provide relevant information and assistance for the Chinese elderly welfare organizations in the future.