关中地区人居环境自然适宜性评价

Evaluating Natural Suitability of Human Settlements in Guanzhong Region

利用陕西省关中地区68个气象台站1971—2000年平均温度与相对湿度月值观测数据,1971—2000年平均降水与水域比例分布图,1∶25万DEM,2005年遥感影像(TM)以及2005年关中地区人口数据等资料,以ArcGIS中的空间克里格插值、栅格计算和区域统计为基础,展现了关中地区人居环境自然适宜程度空间格局,并在此基础上,通过Hopfield神经网络聚类,对各区的适宜性和限制性因子进行了分析,最后在相互比较下得出了关中地区最适宜人类居住的区域。分析结果表明:(1)关中地区人居环境自然适宜性分区呈现出层状分布,越靠近人口密集区人居环境指数越小。一般适宜区分布面积最广,占关中地区总面积的42.46%;比较适宜地区次之,占29.77%;不适宜区占15.13%;高度适宜区面积最小,占12.64%。关中地区总人口的22.27%分布在不适宜区;总人口的61.95%分布在比较适宜区和一般适宜区,相应面积占总面积的72.23%;(2)地形起伏度、水文指数、海拔高度和年均降水量等因素对人居环境自然适宜性影响较大,即限制性较大,为主要影响因子;(3)二等一般适宜区受到自然和社会因子影响都较小,适宜人类居住。

On the basis of spatial Kriging interpolation,grid calculation,and regional statistics of ArcGIS,the spatial patterns of natural suitability of human settlements in the Guanzhong Region have been evaluated using annual average temperature,monthly relative humidity,and average precipitation from 68 meteorological stations in the region during the period of 1971—2000.Spatial data was also collected from maps of water bodies and population,a 1∶250 000 DEM,and a remote sensing image（TM） of 2005.Furthermore,the suitability and limiting factors in each region were analyzed through Hopfield neural network clustering.The analysis results indicate that：（1） the natural suitability of human settlements in the region has a layered distribution pattern.The human settlement index of an area increases with distances to the densely populated center.The suitable area is most widely distributed,accounting for 42.46% of the total area of the region;the moderately suitable area is the second,accounting for 29.77%;the unsuitable area accounts for 15.13%;the highly suitable area distributed sparsely,accounting for 12.64%.The total population of 22.27% in the region is distributed in the unsuitable area;the total population of 61.95% is distributed in the moderately suitable and suitable area,correspondingly accounting for 72.23% of the total area.（2） the topography,hydrology indices,altitude,and annual average precipitation are the main limiting factors,and significantly restrict the natural suitability of human settlements.（3） the suitable areas for human habitation affected very little by natural and social factors.