南京临时政府外交政策研究——以“泗水事件”为中心的考察

Research on the Diplomatic Policy of Nanjing Temporary Government:Review of the "Events in Surabaya"

作为中国历史上第一个共和政体,南京临时政府的成立具有标志性的意义。然而,相较于辛亥革命的轰轰烈烈和军阀混战的惊心动魄,这一仅存在了92天的政府由于自身的脆弱性和过渡性而被人们忽视了。就外交而言,学者们也往往习惯性地将其称作是近代化的开端,或以"和平外交"之言概之,而甚少围绕具体事件进行详细地分析。这也使人们相对地忽视了政权交替之际、内忧外患之间政局的复杂性和代表意义。在纪念中国共和政体百年之际,本文围绕新出版的《南京临时政府遗存珍档》中关于泗水事件的新史料,通过对事件本身的完整呈现,积极探讨南京临时政府在处理事件中的外交政策与外交技巧、外交行为与现实的矛盾,并通过此种分析来揭示中国近代外交与民初政局以及国际政治的互动关系。

As the first republic in the history of China, the establishment of Nanjing temporary government has a symbolic meaning. However,compared to the revolution of 1911 with vigour and warlords fighting with heartquake, Nanjing temporary government which only existed for 92 days was ignored because of its own vulnerability and transitions. For foreign affairs, scholars tend to be re- ferred to as the beginning of the modernity, or＂ the peace diplomacy＂, but seldom detailed analysis a- round specific events. This also makes people relatively to ignore the political situation＇ s complexity and meaning between Regime Change and prosperity of the country. Therefore, during the commemo- rating the Chinese Republic hundred years, this article will base on the new historical events in Sura- baya which was recorded in the newly published ＂Nanjing temporary government heritage treasure ar- chives＂, through a complete presentation of the event itself, actively explored the contradiction be- tween diplomatic policy and diplomatic skills, diplomatic behavior and the reality for the Nanjing temporary government in dealing with events and through the analysis to reveal the relationship of the Chinese modem diplomacy, Republican politics and international politics.