古汉语中的一个主观性标记“君不见”

On "Jun Bu Jian",a Subjective Marker in Ancient Chinese

主观性标记是话语中反映说话人情感、态度的成分,口语语体中出现频率高,书面语语体中较少出现。"君不见"是古代汉语中一个常见的书面主观性标记,表达言者对世事的赞叹、感慨之情,它的语义从实体动作义演变为认知情态义,后发展为话语标记,提供背景信息,这是词汇化、语法化的结果。语用上,主观性标记"君不见"使读者将注意力聚焦于后续句,便于更好地理解言者意图。

Subjective markers,commonly seen in oral style rather than in written style,usually deliver the speakers＇ emotion,attitude,etc.＂Jun Bu Jian＂,an epitome of subjective markers in ancient written Chinese,was frequently used to express the speaker＇s appreciation and impression of the world.It was evolved from a word with entitative touch to a word of epistemic modality,and finally a discourse marker offering background information in the context,which could be ascribed to lexicalization and grammaticalization.Pragmatically,＂Jun Bu Jian＂ diverts the readers＇ attention to the follow-up clauses,which would facilitate the understanding of the speaker＇s intention.