论立法语言的主动模糊与被动模糊

On Passive and Active Fuzziness of Legislative Language

模糊语言是一种广泛存在于人类法律领域中的语言现象。立法语言中模糊词语的运用有的是立法者利用模糊语言的优点而故意为之;有的则是自然语言的先天不足使立法者被迫不得以而为之。前者称为主动模糊,后者称为被动模糊。主动模糊语言在特定情况下,可以起到精确语言不可替代的作用;被动模糊语言不仅使法律法规在现实中难以操作,而且会给一些素质不高的司法人员留下"权力寻租"的机会和空间。立法语言的规范化就是趋利避害,发挥人的主观能动性,树立正确运用和理解模糊词语的原则,既探寻确定模糊词语意义的方法,又探寻限制被动模糊语言模糊过度的方法。

Fuzzy language is a human language phenomenon that is widespread in the field of law. kegislators using vague language with plenty of advantages intend application of fuzzy words, but they are forced to use some of them because of natural language＇s deficiencies. The former is called active fuzziness, and the latter is called passive fuzziness. Active fuzzy language in a certain situation can play an irreplaceable role that precise language can＇t do. Passive fuzzy language not only makes laws and regulations in reality difficult to operate, but also give some judicial personnel with low quality ＂ power rent - seeking＂ opportunities and space. Legislative language standardization is to maximize what is good and minimize what is bad, to give play to people＇ s subjective initiative, to establish principles of using and understanding vague words, to search the method for determining meanings of fuzzy words, and to explore the method to limit passive fuzzy language.