使用中的家用太阳能热水器储水箱出水水质卫生状况调查

Survey on Sanitary Condition of Water in Domestic Solar Water Heater in Use

[目的]了解家用太阳能热水器储水水质卫生状况,指导人们正确使用太阳能热水器。[方法]2011年1～10月,在枣庄市城乡抽取458台家用太阳能热水器,采集储水箱出水,按照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》检验部分感官指标、毒理学指标、化学指标和细菌学指标,按照该标准进行评价,亚硝酸盐以<0.005mg/L为合格。[结果]检测水样458份,各项指标均合格的243份,合格率为53.06%。检测合格率,正规品牌的为62.65%,非正规品牌的为27.78%(P<0.01);水箱内胆材质为食品级不锈钢、铝合金、其他的分别为70.43%、20.80%、15.63%(P<0.01);使用0～1、2～3、4～5、>5年的分别为44.90%、63.11%、58.16%、41.24%(P<0.01);水温0～30、31～50、51～70、≥71℃的分别为60.76%、44.93%、46.83%、64.35%(P<0.01);1箱水用1～2、3～4、≥5d的分别为67.37%、45.16%、28.57%(P<0.01)。检测指标合格率,臭和味为63.75%,肉眼可见物为69.21%,亚硝酸盐为77.95%,砷为94.32%,铅为92.79%,汞为96.29%,铁为82.75%,锰为88.43%,耗氧量为90.83%,细菌总数为70.74%,大肠菌群为74.89%。[结论]家用太阳能热水器储水器出水的水质合格率较低,不能作为生活饮用水。

[Objective]To understand the water quality of home solar water heater,so as to guide people to use solar water heater properly.[Methods]A total of 458 domestic solar water heaters were sampled in Zaozhuang city from January to October in 2011.The water in storage water tanks were gathered.GB/T 5750-2006 ＂Standard Method of calibration of drinking water＂ was used to test sensory indices,toxicological indices,chemical indicators and bacteriological indicators.Then evaluation was made.The passing rate of nitrite was below 0.005 mg/L.[Results]Among 458 samples,243 were qualified.The qualified rate was 53.06%.The qualified rate of regular brand was 62.65% and the rate of irregular brand was 27.78%（P0.01）;The qualified rate in food grade stainless steel tanks,aluminum alloy tanks and other material tanks was 70.43%,20.80% and 15.63% respectively（P0.01）.The qualified rates of water samples in water containers that have been used for less than one year,2-3 years,4-5 years and more than 5 years were 44.90%,63.11%,58.16%,41.24% respectively（P0.01）;The qualified rates of water samples at the temperature from 0-30 ℃,from 31-50 ℃,from 51-70 ℃,higher than 71 ℃ were 60.76%,44.93%,46.83%,64.35% respectively（P0.01）;The qualified rates of water samples in one water container that have been kept for 1-2 days,3-4 days and more than 5 days were 67.37%,45.16%,and 28.57% respectively（P0.01）.The qualified rate of various indexes in odor was 63.75%,visible substance was 69.21%,nitrite was 77.95%,arsenic was 94.32%,plumbum was 92.79%,mercury was 96.29%,iron was 82.75%,manganese was 88.43%,oxygen consumption was 90.83%,total bacterial count was 70.74%,coliform group was 74.89%.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of water in domestic solar water heater is low.It can not be used as drinking water.