船舶系泊问题的试验研究技术

Research technology of ship model test on mooring system

随着码头及船舶大型化的发展,船舶系靠泊安全是港口设计及使用中需要考虑的重要问题之一。船舶及停靠的码头组成了一个极其复杂的相互作用系统,自然环境中的风、浪、流等动力条件以及不同水位、载度和船型的差异均会影响船舶系靠泊的条件,其系泊与作业期间的6个自由度运动量、系缆力和撞击力及其能量分布都是需要关心的重要因素,因此前期的试验研究十分必要。文章通过对目前船舶系靠泊试验研究技术的发展现状的阐述,分别对物理模型试验方法、仪器设备情况以及目前国内外数值模拟技术的发展情况作了相应的探讨与分析,指出船舶系靠泊试验技术的难点与待解决的问题,并结合未来研究的发展趋势,对今后的研究方向提出了展望。

According to the developing trend of ships′growing larger,safty of ship mooring is one of the most important problems in harbor design and application.Ship and wharf constitute a very complex and interactional system.Among them,the conditions of wind,wave and current,etc.in natural environment and different water levels,loading and vessel type all can affect the mooring condition.Six-degree freedom movement,mooring force and impact force（including energy distribution）are important factors of common interest.Therefore,the test research work is very necessary.On the basis of the development status and research level of model test study,the physical model test methods,equipment and numerical simulation technology in both domestic and overseas were introduced and analyzed in this paper.The difficulty and problem to be resolved were also pointed out.Combining with development trends,the research direction for the future was put forward.