机敏异漏斗蛛的捕食行为及其控虫效能评估

Research on the predation behavior and evaluate the control efficiency of Allagelena difficilis

为掌握园林常见蜘蛛对害虫的控制能力,在实验室条件下研究了不同发育期机敏异漏斗蛛Allagelena difficilis(Fox)对黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster的捕食行为及其功能反应,并对雌、雄蛛捕食能力进行了比较。结果表明,机敏异漏斗蛛幼蛛和成蛛的捕食行为谱相似,均可分为靠近、奔向和试探、捕获、吸食、残体处理、清理附肢和休整,但具体行为稍有差异;对机敏异漏斗蛛雌性成蛛捕食黑腹果蝇的功能反应拟合,其结果符合HollingⅡ型方程:Na=1.003N/(1+0.002N),r2=0.98,其瞬间攻击率为0.95。雌蛛在未孕卵时其捕食量与雄性成蛛相近,但孕卵雌成蛛捕食量明显高于雄蛛。此结果可以为机敏异漏斗蛛的研究和利用提供依据。

To master the control ability of garden spider against pests, the predation behavior, functional reaction and predation abilities between female and male adult of Allagelena difficilis （Fox） at different development stages on Drosophila melanogaster were studied under laboratory conditions. The experimen- tal result shows that immature and mature A. difficilis have similar spectrum of predatory behavior, inclu- ding closing, ranning, testing, catching, sucking, residue treatment, cleaning appendage, resting and so on, but the specific process is different in some extent. The functional reaction of the female adult A. difficilis preying on D. melanogaster fitted for Holling I] equation, Na = 1. 003N/ （1 ＋0. 0025N）, r2 = 0. 98, the instantaneous attack rate came to 0. 95. The non pregnant female of A. difficilis have similar predation quantity with male adults which had approximate size. But the pregnant female of A. difficilis have higher quantity than the male ones. The result can provide basis of studies and use for A. difficilis