指类句的语用预设机制与认知识解

A Cognitive Construal of the Presupposition Mechanism of Generic Sentences

指类句的认知研究,目前在学术界还不多见。指类句为什么可以容忍处于矛盾关系的反例,而不影响理解,实际上是一个预设问题,我们认为语用预设是此类句法结构生成与理解的重要机制之一。研究发现,语用预设的工具性特征体现了指类句预设的类特征;语用预设的指类功能能够说明指类句的反例;语用预设的隐性特征能够说明解释隐性指类句的特征。这也说明,语用预设是人类重要的认知机制之一。

Recent years saw few cognitive studies of generic sentences. That generic sentences tolerate counter-examples out of contradiction of some kinds and do not hinder understanding is really a matter of presupposition. We maintain that it is pragmatic presupposition that works as the mechanism underlying the generation and interpretation of generic sentences. Investigation finds that pragmatic presupposition as an instrument best represents the genericness of generic sentences, that the generic function of generic sentences can account for their counter-examples, and that the implicitness of pragmatic presupposition can explain the implicitness of implicit generic sentences. It is concluded that pragmatic presupposition is an important mechanism for human cognition.