人用狂犬疫苗的免疫效果分析

The Effectiveness Analysis of the Rabies Vaccine

目的:分析人对狂犬疫苗接种后的免疫效果,从而为加强狂犬病的防治提供信息和依据。方法:选取200例被狗、猫、鼠等动物咬(抓)伤,全程接种狂犬疫苗患者,并在全程接种后一定时间检测患者体内的狂犬病抗体,应用ELISA法进行抗体检测。结果:狂犬疫苗全程免疫一个月后抗体阳转率为91.50%,其中男性抗体阳转率为92.17%,女性抗体阳转率为90.59%,男女抗体阳性率比较差异无统计学意义;年龄以40岁以上组所产生的抗体阳性率最低,40岁以上和40岁以下抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义;免疫后不同时间的抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:动物咬伤的患者在注射狂犬疫苗后总体上是有保护作用的,但随着时间的推移,体内的抗体会逐渐减少直至消失,因此应教育和动员患者在全程接种疫苗后按时参加抗体检测,对抗体阴性者建议及时补种疫苗。

Objective：To analyze the immune effect after the rabies vaccination,so as to provide information and evidence to strengthen the prevention and treatment of rabies.Methods：200 cases of bitten by dogs,cats,rats or other animal were included in this study,and using ELISA method,the patient＇s antibody was detected after the full vaccination rabies antibodies.Results：1 month after the full immunization,the rabies vaccine positive conversion rate was 91.50%,of which men antibody positive conversion was 92.17%,female was 90.59%,there was no statistical significance between male and female,the antibody positive rate was the lowest in the group of older than 40,there was statistical significance between more than 40 years old and under 40 years old,immunization after different times of the antibody positive rate difference was statistical significance（P0.05）.Conclusion：Injection of rabies vaccine is a protective effect after bitten by animal,but over time the body＇s antibodies gradually reduced until it disappears and therefore we should be to educate and mobilize patients on time to participate in the full vaccination antibody testing recommendations antibody negative timely to replant vaccine.