南宋官窑制瓷技术和文化艺术

Production,Culture and Artistry of Southern Song Kuan Ware

南宋官窑是中国宋代"官窑、哥窑、汝窑、定窑、钧窑"五大名窑之一。宋朝南迁建都临安(即今杭州),南宋朝廷出于朝廷政治和宫廷生活上的需要,建立了官家瓷窑,史称南宋官窑。南宋官窑瓷造型庄重而高贵,大气而高雅,端庄稳重的文化艺术气质透露出一种宫廷御瓷高贵的身份。南宋官窑采用最优质的制瓷原料及细腻的原料加工方式、多种工艺相结合的制坯工艺、多次素烧多次施釉的厚釉技术和阶段性轻重还原焰烧瓷工艺,从而使作品具备"紫口铁足"、"粉青釉色"、"冰裂纹片"、"薄胎厚釉"四大文化特色。我们从流传在世的南宋官窑作品看到南宋官窑的文化艺术内涵,从南宋官窑的遗址寻找南宋官窑优秀的烧制技艺和文化工艺内涵。

Kuan ware of Southern Song has been grouped with Ko,Ru,Ting and Jun as one of the five most famous court wares in Song Dynasty.After the imperial court of Song moved to Lin＇an（today＇s Hangzhou）,Kuan kiln（official kiln） was established in the south to meet its needs in politics and life.Hence,Kuan kiln of Southern Song.Kuan ware is simply and gracefully shaped,showing the literati＇s taste of the imperial court of Song Dynasty.Made of the best raw materials through the most sophisticated process that combines different fabricating methods,multiple biscuit firing and glazing,and gradient lightly to-fully firing in oxidizing atmosphere,Kuan ware of Southern Song is often characterized by ＂purple mouth and iron foot＂,＂pale blue-gray glaze＂,＂crackle pattern＂ and ＂thick glaze on thin body＂.In this study,existing Kuan wares from Song Dynasty are reviewed with an intention to find their cultural value and the original sites of Kuan kiln are explored to reveal the producing technology and artistry of their time.