城市安全风险防控体系的理论建构:基于上海世博会的启示

Theorizing on Urban Safety and Risk Control System:with Insights from Shanghai Expo

应对具有复杂性和扩散性的城市风险,需要有新型、综合、高效的风险防控和公共安全管理体系,实现由事后处置型应急管理向风险防控型公共危机治理体系转型。现代特大型城市的要素集中和脆弱性增加了公共安全管理的难度,城市所面临的挑战也是严峻的。世博会期间构建起的"七位一体"的公共安全管理体系侧重于风险防控和前期预防,在实际运行中收到了良好的效果,保证了世博会的正常运行。对世博会风险防控基本经验的总结与梳理,对于特大型城市公共安全管理的现实特点、发展趋势,以及在风险社会背景下,优化城市风险防控体系,推动城市公共安全管理系统转型都是极为重要和有益的。

To manage urban risks which are often complex and likely to go out of control,it is highly necessary to establish integrated and highly-effective risk control system and public security management system so that emergency response and post-accident management would give way to the proactive public risk management system.The concentration of materials in modern super-large city and its vulnerability add to the difficulty of public safety management.The public safety management system of ＂integrating seven parties into one＂ practiced during the course of Shanghai Expo focused on risk prevention,and has been proved very effective.The successful experience of Shanghai Expo helps to better understand the features and developmental tendency of public safety management in super-large cities and also provides research insights for optimizing urban risk control system and upgrading public safety management system.