行人流综述

Review of Pedestrian Flow

近十年以来,人们对行人流给予了越来越多的关注.这并不仅仅是这一理论对自身不断完善的要求,更是人们对公共安全有着要求,并希望行人流理论能揭示人群运动的普遍规律.本文回顾了在行人流领域中的一些经典模型及其基本结论.叙述了来源于麦加朝圣的行人流实测结果.鉴于行人在逃生时,具有类似于动物的集体行为,因此,介绍了描述集群运动的Vicsek模型,并将此模型中的视野半径引入行人流模型.重点讨论了行人数量、视野半径和逃生时间三者之间的相互关系.利用元胞自动机模型较简要地论述了行人在逃生时,门前障碍物对行人的影响.

Pedestrian flow has been focused since last decade. It is not only the demand from the development of pedestrian flow theory itself, but also the request of the public security. And it is wanted the theory could reveal the universal law of crowd behavior. Some classical models and the basic results from them were reviewed. Some empirical results from the pedestrian flow in Mecca pilgrimage were introduced. The Vicsek model which can be used to describe the collective behavior successfully was presented briefly,and the concept of view radius was introduced into our model, for the crowd behavior when escaping is similar to the collective behavior. The relations among evacuation time, view radius and number of pedestrian were discussed emphatically. The effect of obstacle on the escaping pedestrian flow was analyzed briefly with the CA model.