高水平游泳运动员竞技能力临场发挥特征的研究

High Swimming Spot Athletic Play Characteristics

采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对第11届全运会游泳比赛最终获得各单项前8名运动员竞技能力的发挥水平进行统计分析。结果显示:在预赛、半决赛及决赛中运动员竞技能力的总体发挥水平呈逐渐递增的态势,预赛为99.52%,半决赛为100.39%,决赛高达101.52%。男女决赛前3名的发挥均明显优于4～8名选手。不同赛次其竞技能力的发挥水平存在显著差异,男女发挥水平均表现为:决赛>半决赛>预赛。在半决赛、决赛中女子的发挥明显优于男子,在预赛中男女发挥无明显性别差异。在预赛、半决赛中速度性短游项目运动员的发挥均优于耐力性中长游项目的发挥,在决赛中无明显项目差异。这与运动员竞技状态、赛次目标、实力隐蔽、体力分配及机能节省化的需要有关。

literature, mathematics and statistics, on the 1 lth National Swimming Competition ultimately the indi- vidual ability of the top 8 players to play competitive level for statistical analysis. The results showed： in the pre- liminaries, semifinals and final of the overall athletic ability to play the level was gradually increasing trend, pre- liminary 99. 52% to 100. 39% semi - finals and finals as much as 101. 52%. Men and women to play before the final three were significantly better than the 4 to 8 players. Different rounds of their athletic ability to play a sig- nificant level of difference between men and women to play water on average as follows： Final 〉 semi 〉 prelimina- ties. In the semi - finals to play much better than men, women, men and women in the preliminary round play no significant gender differences. In the preliminarles, the speed of the semi - finals to play short tour athletes are bet- ter than endurance in the long tour to play the project, no significant items in the final difference. This athletic sta- tus, race time goals, hidden strength, physical distribution and function of the need to save the.