小麦重组近交系群体株高和千粒重的抗旱遗传特性

Genetic characteristics associated with drought tolerance of plant height and thousand-grain mass of recombinant inbred lines of wheat

以小麦重组近交系(RIL)群体(陇鉴19×Q9086)120个株系及其亲本为材料,研究雨养(DS)和灌溉(WW)条件下不同发育时期株高动态发育和千粒重的遗传特点及其相互关系,并且评价群体性状的遗传变异.结果表明:在2种水分条件下,小麦RIL群体表型变异广泛且存在超亲分离,对水分环境敏感,拔节期株高具有较高的旱胁迫系数(DSC=0.851).不同发育时期株高与千粒重呈显著正相关,与其他时期相比,拔节期株高与千粒重有较高的相关系数(R2DS=0.32,R2WW=0.28).拔节期株高和开花期株高对千粒重有显著的正向直接作用,但间接总效应为负向作用;抽穗期株高和成熟期株高的作用与此相反.各性状遗传力普遍较低,为0.27～0.60;在雨养和灌溉条件下,控制千粒重的基因对数分别为10和13,控制株高的基因对数分别为3～7和4～14.表型DSC聚类将小麦RIL群体分为5类,群体内表型和对水分敏感程度变异丰富,该群体适合进行抗旱性状数量遗传研究.

A total of 120 recombinant inbred lines （RIL） derived from Chinese winter wheat cuhivats Longjian 19×Q9086 and the two parents were taken as test materials to study the quantitative genetics characteristics of their plant height at different development stages, thousand-grain mass, as well as the correlations between the two traits under rainfed （drought stress） and well-watered conditions, and evaluate the genetic variation of the RIL. Under the two water conditions, the target traits of the RIL showed substantial transgressive segregation and great sensitivity to water condition. The drought stress coefficient of the plant height was higher at jointing stage, being up to 0. 851. There was a significant positive correlation between the plant height at different development stages and the thousand-grain mass, and comparing with that at other growth stages, the plant height at jointing stage had a higher correlation coefficient with the thousand-grain mass （R2DS = 0. 32, 2 RWW 0.28）. The plant height at both jointing and flowering stages had significant positive and direct effect but negative and indirect gross effect on the thousand-grain mass, while the plant height at heading and maturing stages was in adverse. The target traits showed a lower heritability ranged from 0. 27 to 0. 60. The numbers of the gene pairs controlling the thousand-grain mass were 10 under rainfed and 13 under well-watered conditions, while those of the gene pairs controlling the plant height at different development stages were 3-7 under rainfed and 4-14 under well-watered conditions, respectively. According to the clustering of the drought stress coefficient of plant height, the RIL could be classified into five subgroups, showing the abundant variation of the RIL in their pheotypes and in the sensitivity to water condition. It was considered that the test RIL were appropriate for the study of the quantitative genetics of wheat drought resistance.