句式中介词结构漂移的语篇语用解释

A Discourse-pragmatic Explanation on the Shifting of Preposition Phrases in Chinese Sentence Patterns

句式具有语篇功能,语篇功能制约句法结构。文章主要考察了否定句、假设句、条件句、时间状语从句句中介词结构的分布,这些句式在语篇中具有非现实性,不在叙述的主线上,属于背景信息,具有低及物性的特点。介词结构在小句中的漂移受及物性决定,高及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词后,而低及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词前。通过溯因推理,介词结构在这些特殊句式中只能处在主谓之间,处在动词之后不合语法。研究发现,真实语篇语料的考察证实了这一推测。

Different sentence pattern has different discourse function,which in turn constrains syntactic structures.Negative,adverbial clauses of condition and time,and adverbial clause of hypothesis were examined in corpus to explore the distribution of Chinese preposition phrases.The sentence types in the paper are all unrealistic,falling into the category of background information,which is characterized by low transitivity.It is attested that Chinese preposition phrases can only be positioned preverbally in all the funtionally-fixed sentence types.