广东省居民面制食品中铝的暴露评估研究

Exposure Assessment of Aluminum from Flour-made Food in Guangdong Province

目的:了解广东省面制食品中铝污染的状况,并对居民来源于面制食品的铝摄入状况进行暴露评估。方法:2009年从广东省21个地市的超市、食杂店、集贸市场等随机采集面包、馒头、包子以及油饼油条类食品共840份,按照国家标准GB/T5009.182—2003《面制食品中铝的测定》方法测定其中的铝含量。将2002年广东省居民膳食营养与健康状况监测的调查人群按照不同的年龄、性别分成10组,分别计算面制食品消费量平均值和第97.5百分位数(P97.5)情况下各组人群铝的摄入情况。结果:面制食品中铝平均含量为210.30mg/kg,调查人群来自面制食品的平均铝摄入量0.10mg/(d.bw),为每日可耐受摄入量(Acceptable Daily Intake,ADI)的0.73倍,从总体上看,2002年广东省营养与健康状况监测调查人群来源于面制食品的铝摄入水平是安全的。面制食品消费量为第97.5百分位数的情况下,调查人群总的铝摄入量为0.61mg/(d.bw),为ADI的4.35倍,各组的铝摄入量平均值和第97.5百分位数铝摄入量分别为ADI的0.61—2.49倍、3.05—14.78倍,超出ADI倍数最高者为组1的2—7岁少年儿童。结论:需要关注广东省居民膳食铝食用安全情况,尤其是对生长发育阶段的少年儿童。在此基础上,尚需要纳入其它含铝高的食物调研,进行更加精细和全面的膳食铝健康危害风险评估。

【Objective】To investigate the contamination of Aluminum in flour-made food in Guangdong province and make preliminary exposure assessment of dietary aluminum intake.【Method】A total of 840 samples of bread,steamed bread,steamed buns and fried food including deep-fried twisted dough sticks were randomly collected in supermarkets,stalls and bazaars in 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong province.Aluminum content was determined from the samples according to GB/T 5009.182-2003.The population of 2002 dietary survey were divided into 10 groups according to their age and sex.The Aluminum intake of people whose food consumption was at the average and at the 97.5th percentile level of each group was analyzed.【Result】 The average content of Aluminum in flour-made food was 210.30mg/kg.The average daily intake of aluminum from flour-made food of the total survey population was 0.10 mg/（d·bw）,0.73 times of ADI.In general,the Aluminum intake of the survey population from flour-made food was safe.On the condition of the flour-made food consumption at the 97.5th percentile level of total population,the Aluminum intake was 0.61mg/（kg·bw）,4.35 times of ADI.The Aluminum intake of the average and the 97.5 percentile of every groups were between 0.61 and 2.49,between 3.05 and 14.78 of ADI respectively,with group 1（Children aged between 2 and 7） as the highest.【Conclusion】 More attention should be paid to the dietary Aluminum intake especially for the flour-made food consumers.It was suggested that more accurate and comprehensive exposure assessment involving more questionable food should be made.