组织工程椎间盘纤维环支架的研究进展

Research development of tissue-engineered intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus scaffolds

背景:组织工程为椎间盘退行性病变治疗提供了新的治疗方法。目的:综述了组织工程椎间盘纤维环支架的种类及构建纤维环支架的不同方法。方法:应用计算机检索CNKI和PubMed数据库中1988/2011关于组织工程纤维环支架的文章,在标题和摘要中以"组织工程;椎间盘;支架;纤维环;构建;综述"或"tissue engineering,intervertebral disc,scaffold,annulus fibrosus,construction"为检索词进行检索。结果与结论:纤维环支架是椎间盘组织工程构建的关键,其相关研究尚处于初期阶段。纤维环支架材料有两大类:蚕丝、藻酸盐等天然生物材料;聚氨酯、聚羟基乙酸和聚乳酸及纳米纤维等人工合成材料;支架材料种类繁多,各有利弊。目前用于纤维环支架的构建的方法有致孔剂法、湿纺技术及静电纺丝法。构建的纤维环支架结构与椎间盘纤维环自然结构还有一定差距,目前的方法制作单纤维层比较容易实现,复层纤维环的构建还存在技术的问题,单纤维层的抗拉强度仍然达不到自然结构的标准。因此优化纤维环支架构建方法、固定纤维环支架等方面还需要需进一步的实验研究。

BACKGROUND： Tissue engineering has provided a new therapeutic approach for disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE： To summarize the research progress in the patterns and construction methods of tissue engineered intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus scaffolds. METHODS： A computer-based retrieval was performed to search manuscripts describing tissue engineered intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus published between 1988 and 2011 in CNKI and PubMed databases with the key words of ＂tissue engineering, intervertebral disc, scaffold, annulus fibrosus, construction＂ in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The key to construct intervertebral disc is annulus fibrosus scaffold, but relevant research is still in its earliest stage. Annulus fibrosus scaffolds consist of two materials： one is silk, alginate, and other natural biomaterials; the other is polyurethane, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, nano fiber and other synthetic materials. A variety of scaffold materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Current methods for annulus fibrosus scaffold construction include pore-forming agent method, wet spinning technology and electrostatic spinning method. And the construction of functional annulus fibrosus is still at the initial stage. The optimization methods of annulus fibrosus scaffold construction and fixation of annulus fibrosus scaffolds are still to be further studied.