由清华简《尹诰》论《古文尚书·咸有一德》之性质

On the Nature of Guwen Shangshu·Xianyou Yide According to Yihao as Recorded on Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

清华简《尹诰》之公布,因其文字与《古文尚书.咸有一德》全然不同,似乎为《古文尚书》逸十六篇的伪作找到了铁证。但仔细比对《尹诰》和《咸有一德》两篇,文字虽不同,文意却有很大的关联性。不可想象魏晋间一位没有见到过《尹诰》的人能够根据"惟尹躬及汤咸有壹德"一句敷衍发挥出一篇与先秦古文《尹诰》暗合的文字。从秦汉间经师阐发经典大义的"传体"形式去认识,《咸有一德》很可能是孔安国阐述《尹诰》经旨之传文,由孔氏或其弟子完善记录后上送秘府。逮及曹魏立古文博士,寻访《古文尚书》逸篇,始整理秘府旧简。由于没有经文可供校正,所整理的篇章不免有错简与残缺,文字不免有讹误,但它的书写简式却仍与刘向所校中古文《尚书》每简二十余字相当,显露出两者的历史关联。《咸有一德》性质和来源的确定,为笔者《古文尚书》二次整理说提供了一个极具典型的实例,从而也为探索《古文尚书》来源和形成开凿出一线曙光。

This paper holds the point that the article Xianyou Yide is probably the Chuanwen of Yihao stated by Kong Anguo.It was carefully consummated by Kong or his disciplines before it was submitted to Mifu.The nature and origin of Xianyou Yide offers a typical example to the author's re-organizing of Guwen Shangshu and sheds light on the origin of the ancient book.