地方自治与清末知识界的民族国家想象

Local Autonomy and Nation-state Imagination in the Intellectual Community in Late Qing Dynasty

清末,地方自治呼声骤然高涨。时贤原本以为,以地方自治为途辙,或可造就"完全之国家",但他们很快就发现,以"独立"释"自治",却又助长了以"省界"说为表征的地方主义的兴起和泛滥,由此而生出的"畛域之见"、"彼此之心",非仅造成了严重的心理隔阂,甚或冲突与分裂,也阻碍了民族国家的建立,因而不得不有所省思,并力图纠偏。但针对"省界"说所提出的若干"非省界"主张,并不能从根本上化解地方自治与"民族建国主义"之间的内在难局。清末地方自治思潮的兴起及其对于民族国家的"想象",不仅反映了近代中国国家体制和政治制度转型过程中的尴尬困境,也从一个侧面提示了民族主义与地方主义之间复杂的纠缠关系。

There was an upsurge of calls for local autonomy in the end of Qing dynasty.This ideological trend and its nation-state imagination not only reflected the awkward plight in the transformation of structural and political system,but also revealed the complicated and entangled relationship between nationalism and localism.