447例喀什农村维吾尔族住校中学生膳食营养状况调查

Investigation on dietary nutrition status of 447 middle school students of Uyghur nationality on campus in rural area of Kashgar

目的:了解喀什地区农村住校中学生的膳食结构和存在的问题,为改善当地学生膳食营养提供依据。方法:采用24 h膳食回顾法对喀什地区两所中学的447例住校中学生的膳食情况进行调查,并根据《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》作出评价。结果:被调查学生膳食构成中谷类、畜禽肉和油脂摄入过多,而其他食物摄入较少;三餐能量和三大营养素分配也不合理,午餐能量偏低、晚餐能量偏高,碳水化合物摄入严重偏高、而脂肪摄入严重偏低;维生素A和钙摄入严重不足,维生素C、钾、铁、锌、硒摄入量也较低,而维生素B2、烟酰胺、铜的摄入则偏高,钠的摄入严重过量。结论:学生膳食构成不合理、营养素摄入不均衡,应采取相应措施改善这一现状,倡导学生平衡膳食。

Objective： To understand the dietary structure and existing problems of middle school students on campus in rural area of Kashgar region, provide a basis for improving dietary nutrition for local students. Methods： The dietary conditions of 447 middle school students on campus from two middle schools in Kashgar were investigated by 24 - hour dietary recall method, then the dietary conditions were evaluated according to ＂ Dietary Guideline and Balance Diet Pagoda for Chinese Residents＂ and ＂ China dietary nutrients reference intake （DRIs） ＂ . Results： Among the students, the intakes of grain, livestock and poultry meat, and oil were excessive, but the intakes of other foods were few; the distributions of energy of three meals and three major nutrients were unreasonable, the energy provided by lunch was relatively low, while the energy provided by supper was relatively high ; the intake of carbohydrate was very high, while the intake of fat was very low ; the intakes of vitamin A and calcium were deficient ; the intakes of vitamin C, potassium, iron, zinc, and selenium were relatively low ; while the intakes of vitamin B2 , VPP, and copper were relatively high ; the intake of sodium was very high. Conclusion： The dietary constitution of the students is unreasonable, and the intakes of nutrients are unbalanced, countermeasures should be taken to improve the current situation, and balanced diet is recommended.