湖北省两种油菜栽培模式下的施肥现状

Investigation on Fertilization of Rapeseed under Two Cultivation Modes in Hubei Province

通过农户调查的方式分析了湖北省油菜直播和移栽两种栽培模式下的施肥现状。结果表明,油菜当季施用有机肥的农户占20.2%,其中,直播的农户占2.2%,移栽的农户占18.0%;施用硼肥的农户占69.3%,其中,直播的农户占29.1%,移栽的农户占40.2%。直播油菜氮、磷、钾肥平均用量分别为186.2、67.6和43.0 kg/hm2,施用比例平均为1.00∶0.36∶0.23;移栽油菜氮、磷、钾肥平均用量分别为225.6、75.9和59.2 kg/hm2,施用比例平均为1.00∶0.34∶0.26。平均产量移栽油菜比直播油菜高7.5%,产投比平均低9.4%。因此,应因地制宜发展直播油菜,提高肥料利用效率;增施有机肥,提倡秸秆还田,大力普及硼肥;重视钾肥,科学施用氮肥,优化氮、磷、钾肥施用比例。

The surveys were conducted by spot field investigation to study the present situation of nutrients management of rapeseed under two planting model in Hubei province.The results indicated that only 20.2%（direct seeding and transplanting account for 2.2% and 18.0% respectively） and 69.4%（direct seeding and transplanting account for 29.1% and 40.2% respectively） of the surveyed farmlands applied organic fertilizer and boron fertilizer in rapeseed plating.The average application amounts of nitrogen（N）,phosphate（P）,potassium（K） fertilizer were 186.2,67.6 and 43.0 kg/hm2（application ratio was 1.00∶0.36∶0.23） in direct seeding,and 225.6,75.9 and 59.2 kg/hm2（application ratio was 1.00∶0.34∶0.26） in transplanting.The yield of transplanting was 7.5% higher than that of direct seeding on average,but the ratio of output to input of transplanting was 9.4% lower than that of direct seeding on average.It was suggested that direct seeding planting model of rapeseed should be developed based on the local conditions;and of organic manure application,promoting of straw returning and boron fertilizer popularly should be paid attention to.At the same time,it was important to pay attention to the use of K fertilizer and scientific application of N fertilizer.