稻草配施生物菌剂对大棚连作土壤的改良效果

Improvement Effects of Rice Straw Mixed with Biological Agent on Plastic Shed Continuous Cultivation Soil

研究了稻草配合两种生物菌剂施入塑料大棚连作土壤后,在土壤中的分解特性及对连作土壤的改良效果。结果表明,稻草配施生物菌剂(EM菌、乐土菌)在大棚土壤中腐解,开始迅速,以后逐渐减缓,以稻草+EM菌处理腐解效率较高。稻草配施生物菌剂可降低土壤的容重和固相率,提高土壤的含水量和孔隙度,增加土壤通透性,改善了土壤结构;提高了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量及碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,降低了土壤pH和EC,抑制了大棚土壤盐分的表聚,提高了土壤阳离子交换量,增强了土壤的保肥供肥能力;增加了土壤中细菌、放线菌的数量,B/F提高,可从根本上缓解大棚土壤连作的障碍。从大棚土壤改良效果的综合分析看,0.8%稻草与1.0%EM菌配施效果较好。

The decomposition characteristics in soil and the improvement effects of rice straw mixed with biological agent used in plastic shed continuous cultivation soil were studied.The results showed that,the decomposition of rice straw mixed with biological agent was rapidly in the beginning and then weaken.The decomposition efficiency of rice straw mixed with EM bacterium was higher.Soil capacity and solid fraction was decreased;soil moisture content and porosity was increased;and soil water infiltration was strengthened.The content of organic materials,total N,total P and available N,P and K was incrensed.The pH and EC value of the soil decreased.The soil salinity was restrained to migrate to surface.The soil cation exchange ratio was increased;and the soil nutrient preserving capability was improved.The quantity of bacteria and actionmycetes and their ratio（B/F） increased.The plastic shed soil＇s continuous cultivation obstacle was relieved.From the comprehensive analysis of soil＇s improvement,0.8% rice straw mixed with 1.0% EM bacterium had great effect.