石蒜科植物叶片解剖及显微结构的比较

Comparison of Amaryllidaceae Leaf Anatomical Structure and Microstructure

试验以石蒜科中玉帘属的葱兰、石蒜属的石蒜、水仙属的水仙和朱顶红属的朱顶红4种植物为研究对象,对其叶片进行了解剖学显微结构比较。结果表明,4种植物叶片的海绵组织发达,叶脉中的维管束都为有限外韧型维管束,且维管束鞘由薄壁细胞组成,气孔器都由2个半月形的保卫细胞构成,无副卫细胞,气孔器的长宽比都很小,在1.03～1.44之间。但是,葱兰叶片横切面轮廓基本呈"肾形",石蒜、水仙和朱顶红叶片横切面轮廓基本呈浅"W"或"V"字形;葱兰叶片横切面的上、下表皮分界不明显,无叶缘结构,而石蒜的叶缘为楔形,水仙的叶缘为乳突状,朱顶红的叶缘为圆弧形;葱兰、水仙和朱顶红均为等面叶,而石蒜为异面叶且下表皮细胞上具有明显的尖刺状乳突;石蒜、水仙和朱顶红叶片海绵组织内相邻维管束间有大而明显的薄壁细胞,这类细胞破裂后可形成较大的空腔,葱兰则是以花环状的薄壁细胞围成小空腔;叶表皮细胞有长细胞和短细胞之分,葱兰、石蒜、水仙的叶表皮细胞形状多数为长矩形,朱顶红的叶表皮细胞多数近椭圆形或近圆形;葱兰和水仙叶片的上、下表皮气孔器分布密度差异很小,石蒜和朱顶红叶片的上、下表皮气孔器分布密度差异明显。说明4种植物叶片的解剖结构具有许多相似的特征,同时又具有一定的种间差异,可为石蒜科植物的种属关系确认与开发利用提供有价值的信息。

The leaf anatomical structure and microstructure of 4 Amaryllidaceae species,Zephyranthes Herb.of Z.candida（Lindl.） Herb.,Lycoris Herb.,of L.radiata Herb.,Narcissus L.of N.tazetta L.var.chinensis Roem and Hippeastrum Herb.of H.rutilum（Ker-Gawl.） Herb.,was compared.The results showed that the leaf sponge tissue of the 4 species was well developed;the vascular bundle in leaf vein was limited collateral vascular bundle;and the bundle sheath was buildup with parenchyma cells.For the stomatal apparatus,it was composed with 2 guard cells in the shape of lune without subsidiary cell;the length to width ratio was small（1.03～1.44）.About the profile of transverse section of leaves,the Z.candida was reniform;the other 3 species was shallow ＂W＂ or ＂V＂.Z.candida had unconspicuous borderline between upper and lower epidermis and was without leaf margin.The leaf margin shape of L.radiate,N.tazetta var.chinensis and H.rutilum was cuniform,papillary and circular-arc,respectively.The leaf of Z.candida,N.tazetta var.chinensis and H.rutilum was isobilateral;while of L.radiate was bifacial,which had spiny mastoid on its lower epidermis.There were big and visible parenchyma cells between the vascular bundles in sponge tissue of L.radiate,N.tazetta var.chinensis and H.rutilum,which formed cavum after fracture;while little cavum was enclosed by garland-arrayed parenchyma cells.The epidermal cells could be divided to long cells and short cells;most of the epidermal cells in Z.candida,L.radiate and N.tazetta var.chinensis were long rectangle;while of H.rutilum were ellipse or subcircular.The density of stomatal apparatus in upper and lower epidermis was almost the same in Z.candida and N.tazetta var.chinensis;while obviously different in the other two species.The 4 Amaryllidaceae species shared some characteristic in leaf anatomical structure and microstructure while with differences,which could be the reference of definition and development of Amaryllidaceae plants.