冀北山地6种天然纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应

Hydrological Effects of Six Natural Pure Forests Litters and Soil in Northern Mountain of Hebei Province

以冀北山区6种典型纯林为对象,对枯落物层和土壤层水文效应进行初步研究,结果表明:①枯落物总储量变化范围在3.44～23.97t/hm2之间,顺序为白桦纯林>油松纯林>山杨纯林>五角枫纯林>蒙古栎纯林>黑榆纯林,最大持水量的变化范围为5.16～45.11t/hm2,顺序为五角枫纯林>山杨纯林>蒙古栎纯林>白桦纯林>油松纯林>黑榆纯林,山杨纯林有效拦蓄能力最强,为35.45t/hm2,黑榆纯林的拦蓄能力最弱,为2.66t/hm2;②未分解层枯落物8h基本达到饱和,半分解层在6h已经达到饱和,持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系;枯落物在浸水的0.5h内吸水速率最大,4h左右时下降速度明显减缓,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系;③土壤容重均值变化范围为0.82～1.14g/cm3,总孔隙度的变动范围为44.43%～56.97%;④土壤层有效持水能力以五角枫纯林最强,为116.00t/hm2,白桦纯林持水能力最弱,为40.50t/hm2,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系。

A preliminary study of hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in six kinds of natural forest stands in the slope of north mountain of Hebei province.The result showed that： ①The litter total storage capacity was about 3.44～23.97 t/hm2,which was in order of Betula platyphylla Suk.pure forest Pinus tabuliformis pure forest Populus davidiana pure forest Acer elegantulum pure forest Quercus mongolica pure forest Ulmus davidiana Planch pure forest,the maximum water holding capacity ranged from 5.16 t/hm2 to 45.11 t/hm2,which was in order of Acer elegantulum pure forest Populus davidiana pure forest Quercus mongolica pure forest Betula platyphylla Suk.pure forest Pinus tabuliformis pure forest Ulmus davidiana Planch pure forest.The modified interception amount of Populus davidiana pure forest was the strongest to 35.45 t/hm2,Ulmus davidiana Planch pure forest was the worst to 2.66 t/hm2.②Without decomposition litter in 8 h,and semi-decomposition litter reached saturation in 6 h,water holding capacity and soaking time of without decomposition litter and semi-decomposition litter both had visible logarithmic relationship,in first half-hour,the absorption rate was the largest,the rate was obviously slowed down after 4 h,the relationship of absorption rate and immersion time was power function.③The average of soil bulk density ranged from 0.82 g/cm3 to 1.14 g/cm3,total soil porosity was about 44.43%~56.97%.④The soil water-holding capacity of Acer elegantulum pure forest was the most powerful to 116.00 t/hm2,and Betula platyphylla Suk.pure forest was the worst to 40.50 t/hm2,infiltration rate and infiltration fit time was power function.