我国主要低产水稻冷浸田养分障碍因子特征分析

Feature Analysis on Nutrient's Restrictive Factors of Major Low Productive Waterlogged Paddy Soil in China

研究我国冷浸田主要分布的7个省份冷浸田土壤样品的养分特征,通过与当地高产田土壤养分特征比较发现:我国冷浸田土壤中有机质含量(13.76～21.52g/kg)和全磷含量(2.78～11.36g/kg)总体高于高产田,部分差异显著(P<0.05);全氮含量(1.39～2.24g/kg)总体略高于高产田,但差异不显著(P<0.05);有效锌含量(4.92～11.03mg/kg)总体高于高产田的含量,且差异显著(P<0.05),表明我国冷浸田的潜在生产力比较高。但是,与高产田相比,我国冷浸田土壤pH值显著偏低(4.47～5.32),致毒因子还原态硫含量(296.12～3 069.33mg/kg)和亚铁含量(160.28～3 786.12mg/kg)却显著偏高(P<0.05),同时,部分地区冷浸田土壤速效磷(1.90～30.20mg/kg)和速效钾(1.30～111.70mg/kg)养分显著缺失(P<0.05),表明这几种养分指标是影响我国冷浸田生产力的重要障碍因子,因此,只要有针对性的改良上述冷浸田养分障碍因子,其必将成为我国粮食生产的巨大战略资源。

The nutrient characteristic in soil sample of seven provinces which is the main distribution region of waterlogged soil in China was analyzed.Compared with high-yield fields soil in the same area,some results were found as below： The contents of organic matters（13.76~21.52 g/kg） and total phosphorus（2.78~11.36 g/kg） in the waterlogged soil were higher than that in high-yield field soil,and a significant difference was found between them in some provinces（P0.05）.Total nitrogen contents（1.39~2.24 g/kg） in the waterlogged soil were a little more than in high-yield fields soil,but there was no significant difference between them（P0.05）.The level of contents of available zinc in the waterlogged soil was higher than in high-yield fields soil,and the difference was significant（P0.05）.The above nutrient characteristic in waterlogged soil indicated that the waterlogged soil had a higher level of potential productivity.But in waterlogged soil,the value of the pH（4.47~5.32） was significant lower than that in high-yield fields soil.And the levels of reducing sulfur（296.12~3 069.33 mg/kg） and ferrous iron（160.28~3 786.12 mg/kg） ion were significant higher than that in high-yield fields soil（P0.05）.At the same time,it was significant lack of available phosphorus（1.90~30.20 mg/kg） and available potassium（1.30~111.70 mg/kg） in waterlogged soil to some provinces.This suggested that above several nutrient indexes were the important obstruction factors which influence the productivity in waterlogged soil.In conclusion,only after a series of improvement which focus on the above mentioned nutrient＇s restrictive factors,the waterlogged field will turn in to the significant strategic resources of crop production in China.