论恩格尔哈特的允许原则

On Engelhardt's Principle of Permission

自20世纪60年代以来,随着医学高新技术飞速发展,医学模式由生物模式演变为人文医学模式,患者的权利得到普遍重视,医生的家长主义受到质疑。为了指引医学技术的应用,生命伦理学应运而生。生命伦理学发展至20世纪80年代,随着后现代状况的出现,西方传统信仰崩溃,道德多元主义盛行,医学技术的应用与各种文化的冲突愈演愈烈。针对此种情景,恩格尔哈特发动了生命伦理学的后现代转向,他立足于道德多元化的后现代立场,提出解决医患之间道德争议的允许原则以应对后现代出现的"道德异乡人"难题。恩格尔哈特对允许原则的阐述,不仅有效地解决了生命伦理学领域中的道德争议,而且为全球化进程中不同文化之间的对话、不同政治争端的解决提供了指导。

Medical technology has developed rapidly since 1960s. Because of the influence of humanistic medical model, patients＇ rights are generally respected and emphasized. The collapse of Western traditional faith has led to moral pluralism. The conflicts between the application of medical technologies and various cultures have become all the more intense, and doctors＇ paternalism has been questioned. Bioethies is thus born to guide the application of medical technologies. Engelhardt proposed the principle of permission in order to resolve the moral conflicts be- tween doctors and patients on the basis of moral pluralism and postmodernism. His elaborations on the principle of permission not only help effectively resolve moral conflicts in bioethical fields but also provide guidance for the dia- logue between different cultures and for the settlement of oolitical disoutes in the orocess of globalization.