宋代史学精神与史论诗

The Historiography Spirit and Epic Poems of Song Dynasty

文史通融,富有历史学识的主体文化特征,使宋代士子可以把宋代的史学思想、精神渗透到史论诗的创作中。具体而言,受以史为鉴、探求治道的史学精神影响,宋代史论诗体现出强烈的史鉴意识,重视人在历史活动中的作用,尤其强调从君主角度探寻兴亡之因。注重史料选择,重在把握关系国家治乱兴衰、具有垂法训诫意义的事件与人物,题材选择具有典型性、趋同性。疑经辨伪、不拘成说的史学精神,使史论诗敢于怀疑传统经史之义,注重历史的细致辨析,表达己见,促成了翻案体的盛行。适应重建思想秩序的时代要求,伴随着新儒学的建构,宋代史学完成了指导思想的儒家化,以理观史成为宋代士子的着眼点,史论诗的内蕴也因此上升到哲学层面,体现出鲜明的历史哲学性质;多从义理角度评价人物,发明史义,在历史认知上有鲜明的道德化、义理化倾向;褒儒颂隐成为基本的题材倾向,特别是在探求义理时,始终以尊王为本,具有鲜明的正统意识,形成了强烈的褒贬之风。

Having a good command of both history and literature, scholars of Song Dynasty succeeded in inputting historical spirit into their creation of epic poems. Inspired by the spirit to learn from history, the epic poems em- phasized human being＇s historical self-consciousness and explored the rise and fall of previous dynasties from the viewpoint of the monarch. At the same time, the epic poems focused on important historical events and figures and established distinct historical themes. Under the influence of the spirit to question classics, the epic poems also challenged the traditional interpretation of classics and sought to newly interpret the old classical works and made it popular to reverse established commentaries on classics. With the construction of Neo-Confucianism, Song histori- ans completed the guiding ideology of Confucianism and the explanation of human nature and universal order be- come the focus of historical study. In this case, the connotation of epic poems rose to the level of philosophy and features distinct moral principles. In particular, when studying YiLi, the epic poems always safeguarded the inter- ests of feudal monarchs and established a distinct style of praising and criticizing the ancient.