补充支链氨基酸对运动能力影响的研究进展

Research Development on Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplement And Exercise Capacity

支链氨基酸(BCAA)作为人体必需氨基酸,与人体的运动能力密切相关。一方面,补充BCAA能减少蛋白质的分解代谢,并促进糖异生,可以提高力量和无氧运动能力。另一方面,支链氨基酸在体内氧化分解产生ATP的效率高于其他氨基酸,补充BCAA可以降低[游离色氨酸(f-Trp)]/[BCAA]的比值,减少5-羟色胺(5-HT)形成,为机体长时间耐力运动提供能量。但是学术界也有人认为支链氨基酸对运动能力没有影响甚至会产生负面影响,主要原因是大量补充支链氨基酸会引起血氨升高,进而影响运动能力,故在研究如何补充BCAA的过程中,学者们更多关注补充支链氨基酸的剂量。但是由于运动试验的复杂性,补充BCAA的剂量、BCAA的最佳浓度以及BCAA中亮氨酸(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、缬氨酸(Val)的比例一直没有明确的界限,如何合理补充BCAA还需要做更多的研究;同时,BCAA参与糖代谢的机理尚不清晰;另外,长期以来,众多学者致力于研究补充BCAA对运动能力的影响尚没有定论。相信,随着微透析等新技术的应用,这些问题会越来越明朗化。

As necessary amino acids,Branched-chain amino acid（BCAA）is closely related to our exercise abilities.on the one hand,BCAA supplement can reduce protein catabolism,and promote gluconeogenesis,Therefore,the strength and anaerobic exercise capacity were improved.On the one hand,The ability of BCAA oxidation and decomposition in vivo to produce ATP is more efficiently than other amino acids.Branched-chain amino acid supplement can reduce the / ratio,and decrease the formation of 5-HT to provide energy reserving endurance exercise.However,some academics also suggested that the BCAA has no effect on exercise capacity and even have a negative impact,mainly because a large number of BCAA supplement may lead to blood ammonia elevated,thereby affecting exercise capacity,Therefore,scholars focus on the dose of BCAA during BCAA supplement.However,because of the complexity of the exercise test,the dose of BCAA supplement,the concentration of BCAA and the ratio of leucine,isoleucine and valine（Val） have no determine,how to supply BCAA reasonablly need further research Meanwhile,the mechanism of BCAA involved in glucose metabolism is not clear.In addition,during a long time,the effects of BCAA supplement on exercise capacity is still no conclusive.Following with application of micro-dialysis and other new technology,these problems will be solved.