论中国国家豁免立法中的初审法院——由“中铁刚果(金)案”谈起

On the First Trial Court of China National Exemption Legislation ——From the Case of China Iron Company vs.Congo State

中铁刚果(金)案经香港两级法院历时三年四次审理,最终于2011年9月8日尘埃落定,香港终审法院作出最终判决,遵循全国人大常委会释法结果,刚果(金)具有绝对外交豁免权,其在香港免于偿还欠款。对任何国家而言,涉及外国国家之诉通常十分复杂,其影响力远大于普通的涉外民商事争议。涉外国国家案件的重要性决定其应当由较高级别法院进行初审,在我国,中级人民法院因其法官自身法律知识储备不足和涉外审判经验欠缺等原因决定其不适宜作为初审管辖法院,最高院现有的受案规模及其主要职能和两审制的司法原则也决定其不应成为初审法院,中国在国家豁免立法时应确定由高级人民法院对涉外国国家案件进行初审管辖。

The case of China iron company Congo state lasted 3 years when 2 HongKong courts trialed 4 times,finally,on September 8,2011,the HongKong supreme court made the final decision of Congo having absolute diplomatic immunity according to the NPC Standing Committee interpretation.For any nation,disputes involving foreign nations are usually very complicated,its influence is far greater than ordinary foreign-related disputes,so it should be trialed by a high court of first instance shall.In China,the intermediate people＇ court should not be the first trial court for the lack of judges＇ legal knowledge and experience in foreign-related trial.The Supreme Court is not suitable as the first trial court too because its main functions and china judicial principle.In future,the high people＇s court should be first instance jurisdiction in China state immunity legislation.