南朝道教政策及其道官制度

The Taoism policy and the Taoist officer system in Southern Dynasties

南北朝虽是社会动荡的时代,却营造了宗教信仰的丰厚土壤和社会氛围。南朝宋齐梁陈前后相沿,传承中原文化传统,在佛教之外,道教也十分兴盛,南迁的士族大姓大多奉天师道教,天师后裔在龙虎山传天师道法,又有上清、灵宝、茅山诸派并出。南朝上层知识分子的大量参与,对较为粗陋的民间道教提出了改革的要求,有识之士陆修静、陶弘景改革南朝道教,促进了南方道教的官方化发展。道教的发展催生了国家管理道教制度的产生,梁武帝仿照当时的僧官制度,始设道官"道正"一职,已是较为成熟的官任道官。南北朝时道馆制度建立,作为宫观主首的馆主、坛主等,也是官府设在宫观的基层道官。南朝道官制度开创了国家道教管理的新模式,对后世道官制度的发展有着深远的影响。

The Northern and Southern Dynasties was the social turbulence of the times,created the religious beliefs of the rich soil and the social atmosphere.The Dynasty of Song,Qi,Liang and Chen come before and after,passed the Central Plains culture tradition.In Buddhism,Taoism was also very flourishing.The big Gentry family moved to the south,mostly kept in Celestial Masters Tradition.Celestial Master Descendents in Mount Dragon Tiger propagated Taoist Magic of Celestial Masters Tradition.In addition,there were many Taoist Sects such as Highest Clarity sect,Numinous Treasure Sect,and Mt.Mao Sect.The intellectual elite of massive participation,to relatively humble folk Taoism puts forward the reform requirements,some a person with breadth of vision,such as LU Xiujing and TAO Hongjing,tried to reform the Taoism organization,promoted Southern Taoism official development.The development of Taoism spawned a national management system,Emperor Wu of Liang modeled then system of the monk official,started to set the Taoist official Position of ＂Taoist Orthodoxy＂,which was already relatively mature officials appointed tract officer.The Northern and Southern Dynasties Taoist temple system Established,as the Lords of Temple and Ritual Space,were also government primary officers located in the Taoist temple.The Taoist official system in Southern Dynasties,created a new pattern of national Taoism management,have the profound influence on the later dynasties official system development.