不同年代冬小麦品种水分利用效率差异分析

Analysis of Difference in Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Eras

通过田间试验对黄淮地区不同年代代表性冬小麦品种的需水特性、产量组成及水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,虽然不同年代冬小麦品种的耗水量存在一定的波动,但基本上保持稳定。在低水、中水和高水条件下,各品种耗水量的平均值分别为289.40、357.64、402.70mm。与20世纪50—60年代的品种相比,现代冬小麦品种的籽粒产量能提高53%(低水)、78%(中水)和46.6%(高水),水分利用效率(WUE)则分别提高了45.6%(低水)、63.4%(中水)和57.8%(高水)。在耗水量基本保持稳定的实际情况下,产量水平提高是不同年代冬小麦品种WUE提高的主导因素。

To understand the dynamic changes of water use efficiency（WUE） of winter wheat during the course of the varietal improvement,field experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of crop water requirement,grain yield and WUE of winter wheat cultivars released in different eras.Results shown that crop water consumption of winter wheat cultivars released in different eras was basically similar regardless of the differences in crop water consumption of winter wheat cultivars.The average water consumption of the low-water,mediate-water and high-water treatment was 289.40 mm,357.64 mm and 402.70 mm,respectively.Compared to the cultivars released in fifties-sixties of the last century,the grain yield and WUE of the modern winter wheat cultivars increased by 53%（low-water treatment）,78%（mediate-water treatment）,46.6%（high-water treatment） and 45.6%（low-water treatment）,63.4%（mediate-water treatment）,57.8%（high-water treatment）,respectively.Under the condition of crop water consumption keep stable,the increase of grain yield of winter wheat is the dominant factor of WUE improvement.