旱作大豆不同种植方式的土壤水分、温度及增产效应研究

Effects of Different Planting Modes on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Yield of Dryland Soybean

通过对4种不同种植方式下大豆关键生育时期的耕层土壤昼夜温度变化、0～2m土壤水分动态定位监测,结合作物产量分析农田水分利用效率。结果表明,大豆苗期覆膜沟播能够防止白天耕层土壤温度过度上升和晚间温度过度下降,耕层平均温度比露地平播提高3.3℃;在不同降水年型,大豆产量和水分利用效率均以覆膜沟播最高,干旱年份分别提高48.7%和35.4%,平水年份提高33.4%和24.5%。覆膜沟播能够明显改善旱作区土壤水温条件,是旱作区进一步挖掘降水潜力和高产田创建的最佳种植方式。

Four planting modes were compared to determine the change of topsoil temperature in day and night,the soil moisture dynamics in 0~2 m depths during growth stages of dryland soybean,the grain yield and water use efficiency of soybean.The results showed that film mulching on ridge and furrow（FORF）could prevent topsoil temperature excessive increasing at daytime and excessive decreasing at nighttime during seedling stage,the temperature of FORF increased by 3.3 ℃ in comparison with film-uncoered.In the dry year,the highest yield and water use efficiency of FORF was respectively increased by 48.7% and 35.4% than film-uncoered.In a normal year,the highest yield and water use efficiency of FORF was respectively increased by 33.4% and 24.5% than film-uncoered.FORO was the best,they were effective ways to further exploit rainfall productive of potential and create high-yielding fields in dry farming areas.