上海市区6～24月婴幼儿贫血发生的长期纵向观察及相关分析

Long-term longitudinal study of anemia incidence and related factors in 6 to 24 months old infants and young children in Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市区婴幼儿贫血发生及相关因素。【方法】入选上海市区健康足月单胎6月龄婴儿,分别于6、12、24月龄进行血常规检测,体格生长指标测量,并收集喂养信息。【结果】共入选189名6月龄婴儿,149名完成12月龄随访,101名完成24月龄随访;6、12、24月龄贫血发生率分别为18.0%、15.4%、10.9%;73.5%的12月龄和45.5%的24月龄婴幼儿贫血为新发病例;婴幼儿贫血以小细胞低色素性贫血为主;6月龄贫血与非贫血婴儿相比,4月龄前添加辅食以及6月龄时未添加肉类的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。【结论】上海市区婴幼儿贫血仍有一定的发生率,有必要定期筛查血常规;辅食添加过早和肉类辅食添加过晚所导致的铁缺乏是造成婴儿贫血的重要原因。

【Objective】 To observe the anemia incidence and related factors in infants and young children in Shanghai.【Methods】 Healthy full-term singleton 6 months old infants were recruited and followed.Hemoglobin and red blood cell mass were screened,anthropometric were measured,and feeding information were collected at 6,12,and 24 months old.【Results】 A total of 189 infants were recruited at 6 months old,149 infants completed the follow-up at 12 months old,and 101 young children completed the follow-up at 24 months old.The incidences of anemia were 18.0%,15.4% and 10.9% at 6,12,24 months old respectively.Most of infants and young children were microcytic anemia.At 6 months old,compared with non-anemia infants,statistically more anemia infants had complementary feeding before 4 months old and without meat at 6 months old（P0.01）.【Conclusions】 In infants and young children in Shanghai,anemia still existed;the universal hemoglobin screening test might be necessary;iron deficiency,which caused by too early feeding complementary food and too late introduceing meat,is the main reason of anemia.